Furnace



3 Sheets-Sheet 2, I. D. SMEAD. FURNACE.

(No Model.)

No. 520,124. Patented May 22,1894.

' lwwneooeo filmy (N0 M0661.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

I. D. SMEAD.

FURNACE.

Patented May 22, 1894.

wwwtoz [SA/w D. JMEAD GLEN? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIon.

ISAAC D. SMEAD, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 520,124, dated ma 22,1894.

Application filed December 27, 1893. Serial No. 494,879. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, ISAAC D. SMEAD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My present invention relates to furnaces for warming lar e buildings,and the inven tion consists in certain novel features of construction,as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the furnace, with the side of one ofthe combustion chambers broken away. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinalsection shown in perspective, and Fig. 3 is a transverse verticalsection on the line m-r of Fig.2.

The object of my present invention is to produce a magazine furnace of aform and capacity by which it shall be adapted for use in publicbuildings, such as school houses, churches, court houses and the like,and in which the air that supports the combustion shall be heated andmingled with the flame and hot gases, thereby securing a more perfectcombustion and preventing the formation of smoke to a much greaterextent than usual, and at the same time provide means for the mosteffective radiation of theheat so as to warm an unusually large volumeof air. To accomplish these results I construct my improved furnace asrepresented in the accompanying drawings, in which- A represents the ashpit, which as shown in Fig. 2, extends only about one half the length ofthe furnace. Over this I construct a box or magazine B, oblong in formwith a curved or rounded top as shown in Fig. 2, and inclose it at thesides and rear with a casing 0 set at a little distance therefrom so asto leave a narrow space for the passage of air, as indicated by thearrows in Fig. 2, the air entering through openings a in the upperportion of the walls of the magazine B, said holes or slots extending inone or more rows along both sides and across the back end of themagazine or coal reservoir, the air entering themagazine at the frontthrough openings in the magazine door, there being a slide to graduateor regulate the supply of air, as represented in Fig. 3, in which aportion of the door and slide are shown in position.

bars G. At each side of the magazine, Iconstruct a combustion chamber I,preferably made up of a series of cast iron sections bolted together, asdescribed in my Patent No. 501,109, each of these sections beingprovided with a wide projecting flange f as shown more clearly in Fig.2, these sections and flanges being also shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Thesecombustion chambers are made very narrow,high and long, the space withinthem at the narrowest point being but about four inches wide while theirheight is from four to five feet, and their length being at least fiftyper cent; greater than that of the magazine which is four feet long bysixteen inches wide, internally. As shown more clearly in Fig. 3, thesecombustion chambers extend for a considerable distance to the rear ofthe magazine, and at their rear ends open into a chamber J, (technicallytermed the breeohing,) which chamber extends the full width of thefurnace, and like the combustion chambers is made up of a series of castiron flanged sections of the proper form, bolted together as representedin Figs. 1 and 3. At the rear this chamber is providedwith an openingand collar for attaching the smoke pipe P, which serves for a directdraft in starting the fire, and which is provided with a valve or damper6 for closing the same and directing the smoke or products of combustiondownward through the pipe P P and thence to the chimney, the same as inmy patent above mentioned, this damper being operated by a handle h atthe front as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

In rear of the magazine, and between the extended sides of combustionchambers I, an opening F is made in the base plate as shown in Fig. 3,this opening occupying the entire space between the magazine casing andthe breeching or rear chamber J, and transversely between the two sidechambers I, thus forming a large opening for the admission of airclearly in Fig. 2, this plate being somewhat longer than the opening F,and preferably inclined so as to deflect or direct the air toward thefront, thereby causing it to pass along on each side in the narrow spacebetween the casing of the magazine and the wall of the side chambers, bywhich means it will be heated. This plate E, may be made of any lengthdesired, and may be adjusted forward or back, or made to extend theentire length and be stationary, and be provided at or near its frontend with an opening and collar for attaching a hot air pipe to conductthe heated air to any point desired, separate and apart from the fineswhich conduct the warm air from the furnace generally. This feature willnecessarily be varied to adapt it to the various situations andconditions under which the furnace will be used, but in any event theplate will be used of greater or less length to confine and direct theair in contact with the walls of the combustion chambers I, as abovestated.

The furnace is provided with three doorsthe upper one opening into themagazine, the one next below opening into the fire chamber, and thelower one into the ash pit, these doors with the exception of a portionof the upper one not being shown, as their presence will be understood,as a matter of course.

The manner of connecting the side chambers I to the body is clearlyshown in Fig. 2, and consists in casting the ash pit and bottom late inrear thereof with a groove '0, into which the lower edge of the outerwall of the chamber I is set, the lower edge of the inner wall of saidchamber fitting into a similar groove cast on the casing O of themagazine, and the bottom plate in rear thereof, the joint thus formedbeing filled with cement. The front ends of the walls of these chambersI are bolted to the front plate, and their rear ends are in like mannerbolted to the front wall of the rear chamber J. As shown in Fig. 3 thegrooves 12 extend entirely around the base and serve to connect thewalls of the breeching or rear chamber J as well as the walls of thechambers I. In the front plate between the upper and the second door Imake a series of holes 0, for the admission of air, and to the inside ofthe front plate I secure two plates m and n, so located as to leave anarrow space between them, these plates being curved or bent downward asshown in Fig. 3, they thus forming a channel extending across the frontfor conveying the air which enters the holes 0 down to near the burningcoal on the grate where it is mingled with the flame and heated gasesarising from the coal,- this air of course being heated by passing incontact with or between the plates m and n, and which from theirposition are kept hot. In like manner the air which enters the magazinepasses through the holes a, and thence down the narrow space between thewalls of the magazine and the casing which incloses it; and thus thereis delivered a thin sheet of pure warm air all around the base of themagazine, and just above the burning coal where it is mingled with thehot gases, thus insuring a much more perfect combustion, creating greatheat, and at the same time preventing, to a great extent at least, theformation of smoke. By this construction the cheapest forms of coal, andeven coal slack can be burned with success.

By making the combustion chambers very narrow, the heat arising from theburning fuel is brought into direct contact with their walls, thusheating them quickly and effectually, and by making these walls of greatextent and providing their exterior with the great number of unusuallywide flanges the heat is radiated therefrom to the air which surroundsthem in the most effectual manner.

It will of course be understood that the furnace as a whole is to beincased with brick work, with openings at the base for the admission ofthe large volume of air to be warmed, as shown in my prior Patent No.

In practice, a small portion only of the air for the support ofcombustion enters through the grate from the ash pit, after the fire isthoroughly started, the great bulk of it entering through the magazineand the holes in front, and as above explained is delivered all aroundat a point just above the burning fuel where it mingles with the hotgases, on a plan similar to that of the Argand burner.

I do not claim broadly as my invention the idea of passing the airthrough the magazine and between it and a surrounding casing as I amaware that such a plan is shown in the patent to S. T. Bryce No.319,062; nor do I claim herein the plan of using the flanged sections asthat is shown in my prior patent No. 501,109, but

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as myinvention is- 1. The herein described furnace consisting of the oblongfuel reservoir B inclosed by a shell or case 0, With openings in theupper portion of the walls of the reservoir and a narrow opening at thebottom between the reservoir and its shell or casing, a grate below saidreservoir, and two separate combustion and heating chambers I located atthe opposite sides of said reservoir, said chambers extending rearwardlybeyond the reservoir and being connected at their rear ends to a chamberJ located in rear of the reservoir, with an opening F for the admissionof air to be heated between the reservoir and the rear chamber .I, allconstructed and arranged to operate substantially as shown anddescribed.

2. In combination with the fuel reservoir and its iuclosing shell orcase, with a space between said reservoir and case, the narrow elongatedcombustion and heating chambers I arranged at the sides of thereservoir, with a space between them and the shell of the reservoir forthe passage or entrance of the air to be warmed, said chambers openingalong their lower edge into the space between the bottom of the fuelreservoir and the grate, substantially as shown and described.

3. In combination with the central elongated fuel reservoir and itsinclosing case, with a space between said reservoir and case, theseparate combustion and heating chambers I at the sides thereof with anair space between them and the reservoir and its case, said chambersextending above the top of the reservoir and its case, and the plate Eabove the reservoir and reaching from the wall of one chamber to that ofthe other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination in a furnace, of the cen- ISAAC D. sMEADf W'itnesses:

W. F. AUSTIN, Jr., WM. A. MILLS.

